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safari tanzanie
safari tanzanie Tanzanie safari - Safaris en Tanzanie avec tanganyika expeditions safari tanzanie tanzanie safari africa in tanzania mountsafatri tyanzanie safarai tansanie safarti tanezaznie kilimanjaro safari club photographie photo safari tanzanie safari pictures safari tanzania safari tanzanie www.idgroupe.fr www.its-development.com ; Le camp d'Olduvai es safaris d'autrefois goûter la magie des nuits africaines l'hébergement sous tente est un "Must" . Tanganyika Expeditions propose son camp permanent à Olduvaï. Construit sur les bords de la célèbre gorge ce camp "à l'anglaise" offre Mikumi Ruaha tanzania safari tanzanie Safari Tanzanie avec Tanganyika Expeditions : Nous organisons votre safari en Tanzanie. We organize your safari in Tanzania safaris safary animaux tanzanie tanzani kenya organisation tour operator sauvage jeep zanzibar kilimanjaro safari kilimanjaro zanzibar vos voyages en tanzanie organises par tanganyika your trip to tanzania organized by tanganyika safari afrique safari kenya serengeti ngorongoro tanzania 4*4 lions savane Conseils pour la saison sèche en Tanzanie la fin de la saison seche, la poussière est la plus redoutable, se soulevant en gros nuages derrière les véhicules.Pour l'ascension du Kilimandjaro, la saison sèche est la plus recommandée. Environnement de la Tanzanie Les rhinocéros et leur corne Malgré trekking en afrique, ascension safari tanzanie tazanie safari tanzaie Votre safari en Tanzanie trekkings en afrique safari kenya avec Tanganyika safari tanzanie ! Your safari in Tanzania tanzanie safari with Tanganyika ! safri tansanie safari safari tanzania safaris safary trek tanzanie afrique plongée zanzibar safari animaux tanzania trekking treks trek ascenssion randonnées randonnee trecking treks en afrique très beaux treks dans la nature trekking sauvages trek dans la nature tanzanie tanzani kenya organisation tour operator safari sauvage jeep zanzibar plongée snorkling zanzibar plongée bouteille avec des requins et tortues pemba plongée avec les requins baleines zanzibar kilimanjaro safari kilimanjaro zanzibar safarià la fois confort et safari tanzanie intimité et restera un des moments très forts d'un safari pas comme les autres ... We organize your Safari in Tanzania safari tanzanie safari tanzaniesafari tanzanie Votre safari en Tanzanie avec Tanganyika ! Your safari in Tanzania with Tanganyika ! safari tanzanie safarii safari tanzania safati safaris safary safari animaux tanzania safari tanzanie tanzani kenya organisation tour operator sauvage tanzanie www.its-development.com safari jeep zanzibar kilimanjaro kilimanjaro zanzibar safari tanzanie safari afrique safari kenya serengeti ngorongoro tanzania 4*4 lions savane afrique safari en tanzanie safari trekking treks trek ascenssion randonnées en afrique grands lacs safari in africa safari tanzanie africa in tanzania mount kilimanjaro club photographie photo tanzanie pictures safari tanzania tanzani safari tanzanie kenya safary safari tanzanie kenya safari tanzania tanganyik tawisa http://www.tanganyika.com wildlife zanzibar tanzanie kilimandjaro kilimanjaro arusha Olduvai; serengeti Ngorongoro Manyara tanzanie Tarangire Selous
Géographie de la Tanzanie La Tanzanie est le plus vaste pays de l'Afrique de l'Est. La majeure partie du pays est formée par des hauts plateaux dont l'altitude oscille autour de 1 500 m.- Les montagnes : deux sommets, le mont Kilimandjaro (5 895 m) et le mont Méru (4 566 m) s'élancent au nord.- Les steppes et les savanes : 64 % du pays.- Les forêts : la Tanzanie n'est pas un pays où l'on vient pour admirer la forêt primaire tropicale. On trouve quand même quelques forêts intéressantes comme la forêt humide (ou pluviale) de montagne qui couvre les pentes du mont Méru, du Kilimandjaro, et les versants du cratère du Ngorongoro.Climat Tanzanien La Tanzanie possède grosso modo deux zones climatiques bien distinctes : l'intérieur, avec les hauts plateaux (plus de 1 500 m d'altitude) subissant un climat tropical tempéré, et la côte, plate, au climat équatorial humide. Plus vous montez, plus la température décroît. Plus vous descendez (vers l'océan Indien) et plus il fait chaud (parfois très chaud). On adore !Les saisons en Tanzanie - La saison sèche : de mai à octobre. Puis les mois les plus chauds vont de décembre à février.- La saison des pluies : la " grande saison des pluies " s'étend de début mars à début mai mais l'essentiel des pluies est concentré environ sur deux mois (mars-avril). Les soirées peuvent être fraîches, voire froides.La " petite saison des pluies " dure de début novembre à la mi-décembre.Avantage de cette basse saison : les prix des voyages et des prestations sur place sont moins élevés qu'en haute saison.Quelle époque choisir ? pour la Tanzanie On peut aller en Tanzanie à n'importe quelle période. La haute saison s'étale de décembre à février, et de juillet à septembre.Pour les parcs, les meilleures périodes - Tarangire : de mi-juillet à mi-février.- Lac Manyara : il change souvent d'aspect selon la période. On y trouve beaucoup d'oiseaux entre juin et octobre.- Ngorongoro : c'est après la grande saison des pluies que la flore est la plus belle.- Serengeti : de manière générale, on y trouve un peu moins d'animaux pendant la saison des pluies, sauf au sud, où justement s'effectuent des migrations de grands troupeaux d'herbivores. Tanzaniatanzanie safari
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en afrique grands lacs safari in africa safari tanzanie africa safari in
tanzania mount kilimanjaro safari club photographie photo safari trekking treks trek ascenssion randonnées
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kilimanjaro arusha Olduvai serengeti Ngorongoro safari tanzanie Manyara tanzanie Tarangire Selous Mikumi Ruaha
tanzania safari tanzaniSafari Tanzanie avec Tanganyika Expeditions : Nous organisons votre safari en Tanzanie. We organize your safari tanzanie tanzania safaris safary animaux tanzania
tanzanie safari tanzani kenya organisation
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tanzanie safari afrique safari en safari en afrique grands lacs safari
les mesures de protection renforcées, il resterait à peine une
cinquantaine de rhinocéros en Tanzanie. C'est l'animal le plus menacé
par les braconniers et il reste très recherché pour les soi-disant
vertus aphrodisiaques de sa corne.À l'allure où les choses vont,
selon certains experts, le rhino d'Afrique pourrait connaître la même
fin que le dinosaure ou le tyrannosaure. Tanzania Le camp d'Olduvai Pour retrouver l'ambiance des safaris d'autrefois, goûter la magie des nuits africaines, l'hébergement sous tente est un "Must" . Tanganyika Expeditions propose
son camp permanent à Olduvaï. Construit sur les bords de la célèbre gorge ce camp "à l'anglaise" offre à la fois confort et intimité et restera
un des moments très forts d'un safari pas comme les autres ... http://www.julienstephan.com
ouré au nord par le Kenya et l'Ouganda l'ouest par le Rwanda le Burundi et la République Démocratique du Congo au sud par la Zambie le Malawi et le Mozambique.Le pays couvre 945 087 km². Sa capitale est Dodoma depuis 1990. Cette fonction a longtemps été dévolue au port de Dar es Salaam qui en reste le pôle économique principal. Il compte 35 millions d'habitants essentiellement bantous. Les langues officielles sont le swahili et l'anglais. On parle aussi arabe sur l'île de Zanzibar. Tanzhttp://parisiandundee.wordpress.com/
G. Plus vous montez plus la température écroît. Plus vous descendez (vers l'océan Indien) et
plus il fait chaud (parfois très chaud). On adore !Les saisons en Tanzanie - La saison sèche : de mai à octobre.
Puis les mois les plus chauds vont de décembre à février La saison des pluies : la " grande saison des pluies " s'étend
de début mars à début mai mais l'essentiel des pluies est concentré environ sur deux mois (mars-avril). Les soirées
peuvent être fraîches voire froides.La " petite saison des pluies " dure de début novembre à la mi-décembre.Avantage
de cette basse saison : les prix des voyages et des prestations sur place sont moins élevés qu'en haute saison.Q il
change souvent d'aspect selon la période. On y trouve beaucoup d'oiseaux entre juin et octobre.- Ngorongoro : c'est après la grande saison des
pluies que la flore est la plus belle.- Serengeti : de manière générale on y trouve un peu moins d'animaux pendant la saison des pluies sauf au sud
où justement s'effectuent des migrations de grands troupeaux d'herbivores. Les éléphants et le commerce
de l'ivoire Tanzania Le massacre de ces mammifères par les braconniers continue. Le commerce de l'ivoire repart même de plus belle dans certains
pays d'Afrique australe, désireux d'exporter leurs produits en échange
de devises fortes. En juin 1997, la CITES (Convention sur le commerce international des espèces menacées) a permis à
trois pays (Namibie, Zimbabwe et Botswana) d'autoriser à nouveau le commerce de l'ivoire (commerce autorisé mais quand même réglementé)
http://www.tanganyika.com
>General Information
Tanzania is home to one of Africa's most magnificent game reserves, namely
the Selous Game Reserve and is also the seemingly
endless plains of the Serengeti National Park, where one of the world's greatest
natural spectacles, the annual migration of some two million wildebeest followed
by their predators can be observed. The Serengeti holds some of the largest
concentrations of lion, cheetah and leopard in Africa, and is probably the
best national game park on the continent to see these predators.
This great country can be explored by land in comfortable 4x4 cars such as
Land Rovers or Land Cruisers or by flying into an area and taking safaris
from there. Safaris to may be by vehicle, on foot, on certain reasons on horseback,
or even from a balloon. Time on safari can easily be complemented by time
on a deserted beach or island before the African Dream comes to an end This site tries to answer frequently asked
questions for tourists and visitors to Tanzania. There are, however, always
questions that remain unanswered, therefore don't hesitate to email us and
we would be delighted to answer them for you. tanzanie tanzanie tanzania tanzania safaris safary tanzanie tanzanie safari
safari animaux, tanzani,
kenya, organisation, tour operator, safari sauvage, safari jeep, zanzibar,
kilimanjaro, safari, kilimanjaro, safari
serengeti Ngorongoro Manyara safari Tarangire Selous Mikumi Ruaha
tanzania www.idgroupe.fr safari tanzanie Safari Tanzanie avec Tanganyika
Expeditions : Nous organisons votre safari en Tanzanie. We organize your Safari
in Tanzania http://www.neverlands.eu The FlagFlag description: Tanzania flag has
four colours: Green- Golden-Black and Blue: divided diagonally by a (golden)yellow-edged
black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side)
is green and the lower triangle is blue.Colours' Significance:Black=the People
Green=the Land Blue=the Adjoining Sea Golden=the Mineral Wealth
The Emblem (Nembo)Emblem Description : The central feature of the Coat of
Arms is the Warrior’s Shield which bears a Golden portion on the upper
part followed underneath by the United
Republic flag of Green Golden Black and Blue; and a red portion under which
are wavy bands of blue and white.Colours Significance: The Golden portion
represents minerals in the United Republic; the red portion underneath the
flag symbolises the fertile red soil of Africa; while the wavy bands represent
the land sea lakes and coastal lines of the United Republic. The Shield
is set upon a representation of Mount Kilimanjaro. On each side of the Shield
there is an elephant tusk supported by a man on the left (as you look at the
emblem) and a woman on the right symbolising both the theme of co-operation gender and equality of the people of Tanzania. At the feet of the man is a clove bush and at the feet of the woman is a cotton bush symbolising agriculture in the Republic. Superimposed features on the Shield are flames of a burning torch which signifies freedom enlightenment and knowledge; a
spear signifying defence of freedom and crossed axe and hoe being tools that the people of the United Republic use in developing the country. The Uhuru
TorchThe Uhuru Torch symbolises freedom and light. It was first lit on top of mount Kilimanjaro (5890m) in 1961, symbolically to shine the country and across the borders to bring hope where
there is dispair, love where there is enmity and respect where there is hatred. Yearly there is the Uhuru Torch race, starting from different prominent places
in the Republic. The United Republic motto: "Uhuru na Umoja" = Freedom
and Unity, is written in Kiswahili: the National Language of Tanzania The United Republic of Tanzania is located in the Eastern African Continent
between longitude 290 and 410. East: Latitude 10 and
120 South; Most Northerly point: Bukoba 10South latitude; Most Southerly point: Mtalika 120South Latitude; Most Westerly point Kigoma 290East of Greenwich and Most Easterly point: Mtwara 410East of Greenwich.www.abashed.org
It borders on the Indian Ocean to the east, and has land borders with eight countries: anti-clockwise from the north, Kenya 796 km, Uganda 396km, Rwanda
217km, Burundi 451km, the Democratic Republic of Congo (across Lake Tanganyika)478km, Zambia338km, Malawi 475km and Mozambique 750km, making a total of 3900 km.
The countryincludes Zanzibar (consisting of the main island Unguja and Pemba; see below). Area: Total area, including inland water and Zanzibar, is 945.234
sq. km. (365,000 sq. miles), of which 886,040 sq. km is land and 62,050 sq.
km is water. The coastline is 1,424 km of which over 500 miles is of pure
white sandy and unspoiled beaches.Area-comparative: The area is approximately
half the size of the western European countries put together and larger than
twice the size of California.Major Lakes: Victoria 35,000 sq. km; Tanganyika
13,000 sq. km; Nyasa 6,000 sq. km; Rukwa 3,000 sq. km; Eyasi over 1000 sq.
km and other over 1000 sq. km.Topography: The country comprises several distinct
zones: a fertile coastal belt, the Masai Steppe and mountain ranges to the
north, with Mt. Kilimanjaro rising to 5,895m and Mount Meru 4,566m, and a
high plateau in the central and southern regions. There are over 61,000 sq.
km (23.500 sq. miles) of inland water. Unguja Island, 36km from the Mainland,
is fertile, hilly, and densely populated on the west side, low and thinly
peopled in the east.Elevation extremes: Lowest point: India Ocean 0m and Kilimanjaro,
highest point, 5,895 m.Land use: Arable land: 6%; permanent crops: 1%; permanent
pastures: 40%; Forest and woodland: 40% and other 18% (1993 est.)Irrigated
land: 1,500 sq. km (1993 est.)Maritime claims: Exclusive economic zone: 200
nm. Territorial sea: 12 nm.Top of the Page CLIMATE: Varies with geographical
zones: tropical on the coast, where it is hot and humid (rainy season March-May):
semi-temperate in the mountains (with the Short Rains (Masika) in November-December
and the Long Rains (Vuli) in February -May): and drier (Kiangazi)in the plateau
region with considerable seasonal variations in temperature. Total rainfall
increases towards the north around lake Victoria. Rainfall is well distributed
throughout the year reaching peak during the period of March and May.Average
Maximum Temperature (Degree Centigrade) CITY JANUARY APRIL JULY OCTOBER Dar-es-Salaam
31.5 30.7 28.8 31.9 Arusha 28.1 25.2 21.8 27.2 Bukoba 26.3 25.8 25.4 26.2
Dodoma 26.3 25.8 25.4 26.2 Mbeya 23.2 23.1 21.7 26.8 Zanzibar n\av n\av n\av
n\av VEGETATION: Lush tropical at the coast: forest and woodland covered 46%
of the land in 1990 ( a reduction of almost 6% by 1993!) : in the previous
35 years, coverage decreased by an average 0.3% p.a. The rest of the country,
apart from urban areas. is savannah and bush.Forestry and Fishing: Yearly
timber production in Tanzania in the late 1980s totalled about 24.8 million
cu m (about 876 million cu ft.), more than 90% of which was used as fuel.
Timber includes camphor, podo and African mahogany. The annual fish catch
in the late 1980s was about 313,500 metric tons, more than three-quarters
of which were caught in inland waters, especially Lake Victoria. Sardines
and tuna are caught in the Indian Ocean.Natural resources: hydropower potential,
gold, diamonds, gemstones, nickel, natural gas, coal, iron ore, phosphates,
tin, mica, salt, lead, tungsten, pyrochlore, kaolin and magnesite. Tanzania’s
national parks and game reserves cover one-seventh of the country, and include
Serengeti National Park (famous for its vast migratory herds of plains animals.
notably wildebeest, zebra. eland and kudu). Small bands of chimpanzees are
found in the Gombe National Park along Lake Tanganyika.
The steep mountain walls of Ngorongoro Park’s volcanic crater have provided protection and a natural enclosure
for animals in an environment of great natural beauty. Rhino and elephant
are still depleted by poaching despite government protective measures. MAIN
TOWNS Dar-es-Salaam (commercial capital, population(1,651,900). Dodoma (capital designate 1,052,000). Mwanza 2,280,000).
Tanga 1,590,000). Zanzibar Town(254,600), Zanzibar North & Central (118,000)
Zanzibar South & West 254,000) Mbeya 1,790,800). Arusha 1,640,700). Pemba
north(167,000) Pemba South(155,000) [figures from 1995 census].Administrative divisions:
Libraries. Among the libraries in Tanzania
are the National Central Library, the British Council Library and the American
Centre Library, all in Dar-es-Salaam. The University of Dar-es-Salaam has
an important library and a lending service at the Dar-es-Salaam Technical
College circulates books by mail throughout the country. Zanzibar has several
community and school libraries in addition to the Museum Library and the Zanzibar
National Archives, with very rich old Arabic manuscripts. The National Museum
of Tanzania is located at Dar-es-Salaam and the Zanzibar Government Museum
is located in the city of Zanzibar, near Mnazi Moja.Culture: Tanzania culture
is a product of African, Arab, European and Indian influences.Traditional
African values are being consciously adapted to modern life. The number of
hospitals increased from 152 in 1988 to 183 in 1995 and Dispensaries from
2,840 in 1988 to 3,286 in 1995; while the number of inhabitants per one doctor
was reduced from 22,000 in 1991 to 20,000 in 1992. Latest available figures
give one nurse per 5,000 inhabitants. (These figures do not take account of
traditional health systems.)Infant mortality was 82 per 1.000 live births
in 1995. Tanzania’s health figures are in advance of all other very
poor countries, apart from Vietnam. Muhimbili Medical Centre, in Dar-es-Salaam,
is the country’s referral centre and teaching hospital. There is considerable
concern about AIDS, since recent estimates suggest that 10% of the population
may be HIV-positive.Employment: The labour force is around 12m, most of whom
are subsistence farmers. In the period 1990/91, of 12.3m employed person,
10,889,205 people were employed on the mainland: 869,725 were self-employed
in agriculture and trade and 405,722 were unemployed Media: The semi-official
Daily News is published in English: Uhuru, owned by the ruling party, CCM.,
in Kiswahili. There are several independent newspapers including:The Guardian,
The East African; The Business Times; The African; The Express ; Family Mirror
a few Swahili daily: Rai (opinion); Mtanzania (Tanzanian); Mfanyakazi (The
Worker); Hoja (Argument); Mchapo (Rumours) ; Mwananchi (Citizen); Nipashe
(Gossip); Majira (Season) ; Kasheshe ; (Furore) and a few more; some weekly:
Sunday Observer; Sunday News; some less frequently. The government runs two
radio stations Radio Tanzania and Radio Tanzania-Zanzibar. There
are a number of independent radio stations, notably Radio One and Capital
Radio. Radio Tumaini and Radio Sauti ya Injili are Christian religion stations.
Television channels include Independent Television (ITV), Dar-es-Salaam Television,
DTV) and Coast Television Network (CTN) in addition to Television Zanzibar
(TVZ), the first colour TV to be established in the African content. In November
1995, plans for the launch of further radio and television channels, in several
provincial capitals which were not then receiving television broadcasts, were
well advanced. There are also plan to launch National Television soon. There
are 3.5m radio sets.Post: eCommerce
There are 208 post offices in Tanzania scattered around the country including
Zanzibar. The post, by average, takes between three to five days to Europe
and Middle East by air mail and five to seven days to USA. For Far East it
may take a little bit longer.Telephone Services: www.julienstephan.com/ perso-julien-stephan-francais.html
Telephone IDD (code 255) is available. The local network in Dar es Salaam (IDD +51) is being rehabilitated with Japanese assistance. Zanzibar IDD is
+ 54. There are over 93,000 lines in use with over 1668 telex lines in use. Mobile telephone services are also available, provided by Mobitel and Tritel.
In mainland Tanzania, there were 3 main telephone lines per 1.000 people in 1995.Telecoms:
Telex and fax facilities are available at hotels: (e-mail and Internet facilities
are also available at major international hotels) telex also from main post
office in Dar es Salaam: telegrams from the post office.
Major road links are all-weather, but only 3,660km of the 55,550km of classified
roads are bitumenised. Some l,200 km. are classified as highways, with 57%
rated as in good condition in 1994. Many roads have been upgraded under a
US$750m long-term World Bank road improvement programme begun in 1989.Rail:
There are two railway systems, running on different gauges. One links Dar-es-
Salaam with northern Tanzania and Kenya (Tanzania Railways Corporation, gauge
1m.): the other links Dar-es-Salaam to Zambia (Tanzania-Zambia Railways Authority or Tazara. gauge 3ft. 6in.). Recently
rehabilitated, the Tazara line has been making an operating profit, although competition from South Africa and Mozambique reduced Tazara volumes to one-third
of capacity. Copper freight from Zambia is the chief source of the line’s revenueSea and inland water:safari tanzanie avec Tanganyika Expeditions : photos, zanzibar, kilimandjaro, ascension kilimanjaro. Your Safari in Tanzania
Tanzania’s main ports are at Dar-es-Salaam (11 deep-water berths), Mtwara, Tanga and Zanzibar. A daily boat service - almost on the hour every hour from
7.30 a.m. till 5 p.m. noon- carries passengers and freight between Dar-es-Salaam and Zanzibar. In January 1996 passenger services between Mwanza and Kisumu
(Kenya) began again. Ferryboats provide freight and passenger transport on Lake Victoria. In May 1996, Tanzania experienced
its worst shipping disaster when the ferryboat MV Bukoba sank in Lake Victoria and more than 900 people were drowned.Air:
There are three international airports (Dar-es-Salaam, -DIA-, Kilimanjaro -KIA-, and Zanzibar -ZIA) and over 50 local airports and airstrips. As Tanzania
is a very large country with a scattered population, air services have become the most significant form of internal transport for official and business
travel. Air Tanzania Corporation (ATC), established in 1977, runs international services and domestic flights to all main towns. Small planes, from charter
companies, fly to towns and to bush airstrips. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for 57% of DGP, provides 85% of exports, and
employs 90% of the total work force. Topography and dependence on climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry
accounts for 17% of GDP and is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods. The economic recovery program announced in mid-1986 has generated notable increases in
agricultural production and financial support for the program by bilateral donors. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors
have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania’s weak economic infrastructure. Growth in 1991-96 has featured
a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of mineral, led by gold. Recent banking reform have helped increase private sector
growth and investment.Background Overview: Tanzania came to independence with
a severely underdeveloped economy and extremely limited infrastructure. In
an effort to create socially equitable and rapid development, it became in
early proponent of African socialism, Ujamaa (roughly meaning Togetherness),
launched in 1967 under the banner of Arusha Declaration with nationalisation
of banking finance industry and large-scale trade marketing through boards
and the resettlement of peasants in communal villages vijiji vya ujamaa
created out of large estates. Tanzania was able to record progress in education
and health but after an initial boom the formal economic base shrank: production
fell and the parallel economy became a way of life. The Ugandan war falls
in commodity prices and failures of
the policy itself in economic terms brought the country to the verge of bankruptcy
by the mid-1980s. Since 1986 however with the coming to power the second
government of Ali Hassan Mwinyi new policy directions and IMF backed structural
adjustment programmes have (at a considerable cost to social programmes) helped
integrate the parallel economy and stimulate growth which has been ahead
of population growth since 1986. In 1990s a new economic policy of Liberalisation
was introduced under the banner of Zanzibar
Declaration revisiting some economic aspects of the Arusha Declaration. Together
with this growth however the policy brought its ugly face to the fore: corruption
and sleaze. In 1996 with the coming to power of the third phase government
of Benjamin Mkapa under the banner of fighting corruption and sleaze the
IMF secured agreement for a three-year loan of US$234m under the enhanced
structural adjustment facility in support of the government’s reform
programme for 1996-1999. Improvements in production and exports have contributed
to continued steady growth through the first half of the 1990s.Investment:
Liberalisation measures are being taken and legislation for a stock exchange
has been passed. The World Bank’s soft-loan arm IDA has provided US$13m
to finance a five-year plan for mining development. This has helped to attract
a number of international companies which began new operations in Tanzania
in 1995 and1996 (see "Mining" below).rade: The principal exports
are coffee cotton manufactures cashew nuts minerals tea sisal tobacco
and pyrethrum; the main imports are machinery and transport equipment textiles
and clothing petroleum products and food and drink. Main export partners
are Germany Japan India, Belgium-Luxembourg and Britain. Main import partners
are Britain, Kenya, Japan, Saudi Arabia, India and ChinaRegional affiliations:
Tanzania is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC)
and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). In March 1996
Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda set up the East African Co-operation Secretariat,
reviving the old economic ties of the defunct: East African Community, with
the object of assisting mutual trade and investment co-operation between the
three countries (see below East African Co-operation).
The economy is dominated by agriculture. Subsistence crops are maize, rice and wheat; cash crops are coffee (grown on large estates),
cotton, tobacco and cashew nuts (grown by peasant farmers) and tea and sisal
(grown on estates). Tanzania's agriculture is vulnerable to erratic rainfall
patterns. Zanzibar exports cloves, copra and spices. Cotton farming has suffered
from price falls in the international market over 1995 and 1996, and has had
problems of pest-incursion over the past few years.Manufacturing: Industries
produce agricultural inputs (fertiliser, farm tools), process agricultural
products (cigarettes, canned meats, beer, pyrethrum and shelled cashews) or
aim at import substitution (textiles and garments).Factory production has
stagnated in the past decade, and many plants have for some years been producing
below capacity; some of these are being privatised, and others are being closed.Mining:
Gold, diamonds and gemstones are the most important
minerals. The proportion of GDP is rising with the absorption of the parallel
economy into the mainstream.Mining is also now attracting new foreign interest.
Major or new investors (some in joint ventures) include: gold: Ashanti Goldfields
(Ghana), Pangea Goldfields (Canada) and Sutton Resources (Canada); nickel
and cobalt: Sutton Resources. In addition, a group of West Australian companies
was exploring the feasibility of re-opening the abandoned gold-workings to
the south of Lake Victoria in 1996. A number of positive measures have been
taken to invigorate the sector, including the introduction of Mining Act Driving and local transport: Vehicles keep to the left. International driving permit
recommended, to be endorsed by the police on arrival. Temporary licences are also available. The State Travel Service provides an inexpensive bus service
to and from airports: there are also private buses and minibuses in Dar-es-Salaam. Taxis are available in towns. Self-drive car hire is expensive; hiring a car
with a driver is recommended http://www.parisiandundee.com There are 27 regions (Mikoa); 1. Arusha, 2. Dar-es-Salaam,
3. Dodoma, 4. Iringa, 5. Kagera, 6. Kigoma, 7. Kilimanjaro, 8. Lindi, 9. Mafia, 10. Mara, 11. Mbeya, 12. Morogoro, 13. Mtwara, 14. Mwanza, 15. Pemba North,
16. Pemba South, 17. Pwani, 18. Rukwa, 19. Ruvuma, 20. Shinyanga, 21. Singida, 22. Tabora, 23. Tanga, 24. Zanzibar Central\Sotuh, 25. Zanzibar North, 26.
Zanzibar Urban\West & 27. Ziwa Magharibi Most of the people are of Bantu origin representing 95%, with some 120 tribes on the mainland, none of which
exceeds 10% of the population, others are of Asian, Arab and Afro-Arab and European. The biggest African group is the Sukuma: others include Masai, Haya,
Gogo, Nyamwezi. Chagga. There are people of mix blood in the coastal area known as Swahilis as well as Asian, Arabs and expatriate minorities The official
language is Kiswahili, which is universally spoken, in addition to various local languages, and is the medium of instruction in all primary schools.
English is second official language, the country’s commercial language and also the main teaching language for all scientific subjects in secondary
schools and higher education institutions, Arabic (widely spoken in coastal
areas, particularly Zanzibar). Entrants in the first two mentioned Universities
stood at 4,289 in 1994, with finalist of 1,197. Three more private universities
were established during 1997-98 whose figures are not yet available. In addition,
there is Institute of Finance Management in Dar-es-Salaam and Institute of
Development Management at Mzumbe, Morogoro.Teacher Training Colleges. The
number of teacher training colleges stood at 40 in 1995 plus 3 technical colleges.Literacy:
the adult literacy rate was 68% in 1995, 70% among men and 57% among women,
down from 85% of the person over the age of 15 during the late 1980s..www.julienstephan.com
http://www.tanganyika.com/acccueil/accueil_gb.htm HISTORY PROFILE National Politics Britain was, at the time, concerned with the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, which were declared a British Protectorate in 1890. In 1919, the League of Nations gave Britain a mandate to administer part of German East Africa, now known as Tanganyika. (Belgium, with a similar mandate, took over the administration of Ruanda and Urundi = Rwanda and Burundi.) In 1946 Tanganyika became a UN trust territory.A legislative council was set up in 1926, it was enlarged in 1945 and restructured in 1955 to give equal representation to Africans, Asians and Europeans, sitting as 30 "'unofficials" ith the 31 "officials". In 1954, a schoolteacher, Julius Nyerere, founded the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), which promoted African nationalism and won a large public following. The colonial authorities responded with constitutional changes increasing the voice of the African population while reserving seats for minority communities.Elections were held in 1958-9 and again in 1960. The result was overwhelming victory for TANU, which was by this period campaigning for independence as well as majority rule. The new government and British Government agreed at a constitutional conference in London to full independence for Tanganyika in December 1961. Zanzibar achieved independence in 1963 as a separate and sovereign country, under the al-Busaidy Sultan.Tanganyika became a republic in December 1962, one year after achieving independence, and the direct presidential election brought TANU’s leader, Julius Nyerere, to the presidency. In 1965 the Constitution was changed to establish a one-party system. Meanwhile, in Zanzibar, a revolution had overthrown the Arab Sultan in 12th January 1964, one month since independence: the Constitution was abrogated: Abedi Amani Karume was declared the first African President of Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar and the country became a one-party state under the Afro-Shirazi Party.In 26th April 1964 Tanganyika and Zanzibar united as the United Republic of Tanzania, Julius Nyerere as President and the head of state, while Karume as his Vice President, retaining at the same time Presidency of Zanzibar.In 1971 Karume was assassinated in Zanzibar and Aboud Jumbe succeeded him as President of Zanzibar and Vice President of Tanzania.In 1977, the two ruling parties: TANU and Afro Shirazi Party, merged to form the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM). In 1984 Jumbe resigned his posts and Ali Hassan Mwinyi was elected to replace him in Zanzibar.In 1985 Nyerere stepped down voluntarily as Head of State and Ali Hassan Mwinyi succeeded him as Head of State, Idriss Abdul Wakil replaced Mwinyi in Zanzibar.http://www.tanganyika.com/acccueil/accueil_sp.htm